Verb
From Dialectsyntax
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Latest revision as of 14:56, 24 October 2011
[edit] 3. Verb
| The problem of proclisis and enclisis arises when dealing with the finite verb: weak personal pronouns and/or the negative particle, that form one word or a unit with the finite verb. In such cases, it is not always easy to distinguish between verb and pronoun (f.e. ganeme, normal: gaan we, 'go we', issem, normal: is hij, 'is-he', zakzekik, normal: zal ik ze, 'will-I-them-I-I', etc.). Therefore, we have two different tiers in the transcription: the first one (informant tier or assistent interviewer tier) contains the unanalyzed cluster, while in the second tier (the cluster tier) the cluster is divided into separate parts (f.e. is em, za k ze kik). Part of speech tagging is done with both tiers/at both levels. In the informant or assistant interviewer tier, the word gets tagged as V-clitic-cluster (33000). In the cluster tier the verb gets the relevant tag, and of course the same holds for the other element of the cluster. THe following tags can either be assigned to verbs in the informant tier (if the finite verb is not part of a cluster) or in the cluster tier (when it is part of a cluster). | ||
|
30000 |
V |
Verb |
|
3.1 |
Inflection |
|
|---|---|---|
| 31000 | V (INFL) | Inflection The occurrence of this attribute indicates the presence of an audible affix. The following rule applies: inflection is only marked if the word can also occur without the inflectional morpheme. The attribute has the following values: |
| 31100 | V (INFL) -(e)n | |
| 31200 | V (INFL) -(e)t | |
| 31300 | V (INFL) -e | |
| 31400 | V (INFL) -(e)s | |
| 31500 | V (INFL) -st | |
| 31600 | V (INFL) OT | Other inflectional morpheme |
|
3.2 |
Position |
|
| 32000 | V POS | Position |
| 3.2.1 | Regular order | |
| 32100 | V POS REG | Regular order Position of the finite verb (finite form), directly following the subject (and followed by the rest of the sentence). Also in case of subject doubling, where the subject precedes and follows the finite verb, the finite verb gets this value. |
| 3.2.2 | Inverted order | |
| 32200 | V POS INV | Inverted order Position of the finite verb (finite form), directly followed by the subject. All verb initial sentences (e.g. yes/no questions, imperatives) and non-subject-initial matrix sentences will get this value. |
| 3.2.3 | Position right periphery | |
| 32300 | V POS END | End position The verb is not in first and second position, but is situated at the end of the sentence. Participles and infinitives are always V-final (unless they are free or used adnominally, see below). If the more than one verb is in the final position of the sentence, we call it a verb cluster, e.g. dat Jan ze wel op zou willen eten, '[lit.:] that John them AFF PRT would want eat'. The hierarchical (not the linear) order/position of each verb is given, by means of the specifications mentioned below. A verb cluster can be ‘interrupted’ by DP’s, prepositions, adverbs, elements like te (=infinitive indicator: hij zit te studeren, ‘[lit:] he sits to study’, meaning: he is studying). etc. but not by complementizers. The underlined parts form a verb cluster in the following sentence: dat Jan probeert de krant ''te lezen, ‘[lit:] that John tries the paper to read’, but the underlined parts do not form a verb cluster in this sentence: dat Jan probeert om de krant ''te lezen, ‘[lit:] that John tries in order the paper to read’. This last sentence contains a complementizer, marking a new subordinate clause domain, and thus (potentially) a new verb cluster domain. |
| 32310 | V POS END (1) |
Hierarchically highest verb |
| 32320 | V POS END (2) | Hierarchically second highest verb This is always a non-finite verb, even if there is a finite verb in first or second position (in the main clause), counting in the cluster starts (at the end) with this specification. F.e.:Ik denk dat Jan de wagen gemaakt zou kunnen hebben, ‘[lit:] I think that John the car fixed could can have’. |
| 32330 | V POS END (3) | Hierarchically third highest verb F.e. Ik denk dat Jan de wagen gemaakt zou kunnen hebben, '[lit.:] I think that John the car fixed could can have'. |
| 32340 | V POS END (4) | Hierarchically lowest verb F.e. Ik denk dat Jan de wagen gemaakt zou kunnen hebben, '[lit.:] I think that John the car fixed could can have'. |
| 3.2.4 | Other positions | |
| 32400 | V POS OT | Other verbal positions |
| 32410 | V POS OT PRE-N | Prenominal F.e. een gedurfd voorstel, 'a daring preposition'. |
| 32420 | V POS OT N | Nominal F.e. de ''vrijgestelden, 'the freed/released/liberated (people)', het zingen van de nachtegaal, 'the singing of the nightingale'. |
| 32430 | V POS OT POST-N | Postnominal F.e. een tas gemaakt van leer, 'a bag made of leather'. |
|
3.3 |
Verb-clitic-cluster |
|
| 33000 | V CL-CL | This attribute is assigned at the informant or assistant interviewer tier to verbs that form a cluster with weak pronouns (see introduction of this paragraph). |
|
3.4 |
Features |
|
| 34000 | V FEAT | |
| 3.4.1 | Finite | |
| 34100 | V FEAT FIN | Finite verb (form) |
| 3.4.1.1 | Present tense, indicative | |
| 34110 | V FEAT FIN PT | Present tense |
| 34111 | V FEAT FIN PT 1.S | Present tense, first person singular |
| 34112 | V FEAT FIN PT 2.S | Present tense, second person singular |
| 34113 | V FEAT FIN PT 2.S-P | Present tense, second person singular, polite form |
| 34114 | V FEAT FIN PT 3.S | Present tense, third person singular |
| 34115 | V FEAT FIN PT 1.PL | Present tense, first person plural |
| 34116 | V FEAT FIN PT 2.PL | Present tense, second person plural |
| 34117 | V FEAT FIN PT 2.PL-P | Present tense, second person plural, polite form |
| 34118 | V FEAT FIN PT 3.PL | Present tense, third person plural |
| 3.4.1.2 | Present tense, conjunctive | |
| 34120 | V FEAT FIN PT.CONJ | Present tense, conjunctive |
| 34121 | V FEAT FIN PT.CONJ 1.S | Present tense, conjunctive, first person singular |
| 34122 | V FEAT FIN PT.CONJ 2.S | etc. |
| 34123 | V FEAT FIN PT.CONJ 2.S-P | |
| 34124 | V FEAT FIN PT.CONJ 3.S | |
| 34125 | V FEAT FIN PT.CONJ 1.PL | |
| 34126 | V FEAT FIN PT.CONJ 2.PL | |
| 34127 | V FEAT FIN PT.CONJ 2.PL-P | |
| 34128 | V FEAT FIN PT.CONJ 3.PL | |
| 3.4.1.3 | Imperative | |
| 34130 | V FEAT FIN TT.IMP | Finite imperative |
| 34131 | V FEAT FIN TT.IMP S | Finite imperative, singular |
| 34132 | V FEAT FIN TT.IMP PL | Finite imperative, plural |
| 3.4.1.4 | Past tense indicative | |
| 34140 | V FEAT FIN PastT | Past tense |
| 34141 | V FEAT FIN PastT 1.S | Past tense, first person singular |
| 34142 | V FEAT FIN PastT 2.S | etc. |
| 34143 | V FEAT FIN PastT 2.S-P | |
| 34144 | V FEAT FIN PastT 3.S | |
| 34145 | V FEAT FIN PastT 1.PL | |
| 34146 | V FEAT FIN PastT 2.PL | |
| 34147 | V FEAT FIN PastT 2.PL-P | |
| 34148 | V FEAT FIN PastT 3.PL | |
| 3.4.1.5 | Past tense conjunctive | |
| 34150 | V FEAT FIN PAST.CONJ | Conjunctive, past tense |
| 34151 | V FEAT FIN PAST.CONJ 1.S | Conjunctive, past tense, first person singular |
| 34152 | V FEAT FIN PAST.CONJ 2.S | etc |
| 34153 | V FEAT FIN PAST.CONJ 2.S-p | |
| 34154 | V FEAT FIN PAST.CONJ 3.S | |
| 34155 | V FEAT FIN PAST.CONJ 1.Pl | |
| 34156 | V FEAT FIN PAST.CONJ 2.Pl | |
| 34157 | V FEAT FIN PAST.CONJ 2.Pl-p | |
| 34158 | V FEAT FIN PAST.CONJ 3.Pl | |
| 3.4.1.6 | Past tense imperative | |
| 34160 | V FEAT FIN PAST.IMP | Imperative, past tense |
| 34161 | V FEAT FIN PAST.IMP S | Imperative, past tense singular |
| 34162 | V FEAT FIN PAST.IMP PL | Imperative, past tense plural |
| 3.4.2 | Non-finite | |
| 34200 | V FEAT INF | Infinitive |
| 34210 | V FEAT INF N | Infinitive, used nominally |
| 34220 | V FEAT INF FREE | Free infinitive |
| 3.4.3 | Participles | |
| 34300 | V FEAT PART | Participle |
| 34310 | V FEAT PART PAST | Past participle |
| 34311 | V FEAT PART PAST +Prefix | Past participle with prefix ge- or e- |
| 34312 | V FEAT PART PAST -Prefix | Past participle without a prefix |
| 34320 | V FEAT PART PRES | Present participle |
|
3.5 |
Type |
|
| 35000 | V TYPE | |
| 3.5.1 | Auxiliary | |
| 35100 | V TYPE AUX | Auxiliary verb |
| 35110 | V TYPE AUX PERF | Perfective auxiliary |
| 35120 | V TYPE AUX MOD |
Modal auxiliary |
| 35130 | V TYPE AUX ASP | Aspectual auxiliary E.g. go, come, stand, lay, sit, stay, begin |
| 35140 | V TYPE AUX PASS | Passive auxiliary E.g. worden in Er wordt gedanst, '[lit:] there is/get dance.part'. If the sentence has a perfective meaning at the same time, then assign tag 35110 (f.e. Er is gedanst, 'there has been dancing going on'/'[lit:]there is danced'). |
| 3.5.2 | Matrix | |
| 35200 | V TYPE HEAD | Matrix verb |
| 3.5.2.1 | Inherent reflexive | |
| 35210 | V TYPE HEAD REFL | Inherent reflexive matrix verb |
| 3.5.2.2 | Transitive verb | |
| 35220 | V TYPE HEAD TRANS | Transitive matrix verb |
| 3.5.2.3 | Intransitive verb | |
| 35230 | V TYPE HEAD INTR | Intransitive matrix verb |
| 35231 | V TYPE HEAD INTR UNACC | Unaccusative verb These verbs use zijn 'to be' in perfective in Dutch, can not be used in an impersonal passive construction, and can modify a noun that corresponds to the subject, if they are used as prenominal participles (f.e. de gestorven man, '[lit:] the died.part man'). F.e. sterven, 'to die', vallen, 'to fall'. |
| 35232 | V TYPE HEAD INTR UNERG | Unergative verb These verbs use hebben 'to have' in perfective in Dutch, they can be used in an impersonal passive construction, but can not modify a noun that corresponds to the subject, as a prenominal participle. F.e. werken, 'to work', slapen, 'to sleep'. |
